Structural integrity is the first consideration. All ships need a structural frame and for every part to be bolted down to something else. The "durability tool" will let you see if which parts are good enough for flight. However for ramming you need to go far beyond the recommendations of the durability tool. Take the time to understand why some structural frames are better than others. Keep in mind that your ship will receive a sudden stress from the impact point. Make sure every part is thoroughly bolted down. In videos that feature ramming you can see ship parts come off of all parts of the ships, not just the area around the point of impact. A dedicated ramming ship will also need a ram. Some sort of protrusion or shield on the front which is tougher than the rest of the ship but lacks any important components. Of course a ramming ship needs ramming speed. The superior structure will help support a massive, overpowered engine block. The superior speed has other uses too of course. It would also needs extra reactor power for these engines. When it slows down the reactors could feed lasers to take out targets too nimble for the ram.
The use of ramming is not only desperation. Ramming allows you to deal significant damage to a target at a key moment. A ram deals all of its damage in a single instant, but will probably need some time before the second strike. A similar role to a weapon that has extremely high damage balanced with extremely low refire rate. Ramming would be ineffective against ships that are more maneuverable than the ramming ship, another reason for laser turrets. If you can achieve extreme speed, a suicide ramming ship could deal damage to a larger, much more expensive ship. A suicide ramming ship could be thought of as an expensive torpedo. Though again a suicide ramming ship requires an extremely high maximum speed to work at all. A non-suicide ramming ship would have to hit the enemy fast enought to deal damage, but slow enough that the ramming ship doesn't destroy itself, or only destroys the ram and not the rest of the ship behind the ram.