From top of my head some mechanics to increase discovery of other players. Most mechanics are not yet implemented, but all of them are planned.
- Hubs: stations, fast travel gates, large asteroids, moons, cities/constructions/mines on moons
- Rare ore sectors: the new asteroid belt has more strictly certain areas for certain ores, and some ores indeed are now more rare, at least in big amounts. So those areas will pull players for sure
- Transponder/id system. While keeping transponder on is up to players, some factions may require it in order to identify people
- Radiation mechanic: some ores as well as generators running will create radiation, which can be detected from longer distances
And some mechanics to avoid being discovered/attacked. Most mechanics are not yet implemented, but all of them are planned.
- Staying inside safe zones and/or using only safe hubs for travel (dynamic station safe zones always nearby)
- Staying away from populated hubs, unless they have large enough safe zones to be enter/leave without others noticing
- Keeping transponder off
- Not carrying anything radioactive or covering all radioactive with enough blocking plate layers, using batteries/solar only, and when using generators, using them inside dust clouds/other blocking material
- Intimidation. Make your ship to be (and look) a tough nut to crack, or make sure the other understands it's not worth to attack you, or just get enough reputation, and ones attacking you will most likely be those who didn't know better.
- Hiding behind asteroids or inside dust clouds
- Flying at max speed away from attackers and having enough defense mechanisms or flying to dangerous areas to get the other to drop the chase
There's also option of fighting back, or even using the discovery mechanics to lure pirates to seek you, and then attack them instead.
The balance we are looking is around risk/reward, and with smart playing it should be relatively safe to venture outside safe zone. However, if one is willing to take increased risks then the possible rewards will also be significant.