No one is going to want to sit and lose tons of time and resources because they couldn't get a wire to fit or work right and then get punished for experimenting with designs.
Your perspective is totally valid; you want to be able to test designs and not be punished in having to rebuild an entire ship from scratch from every mistake. Not everyone has the time. I think the solution for this is still in-game, in a build environment in game where you can do all the same functions except you are there around other people at the very least. The moment you give players the offline environment to iterate and experiment, they will go there, period, out of efficiency. This will drop the amount of interactions on the live server to the point of failure, where there's not enough people getting materials or fighting off pirates. You might be designing a ship and realize you need some thing, some material, and you'll have nowhere to go but to ask another player for help in this matter. This is like a dungeon in WoW, where you need 5 people to do the dungeon. You cannot do it alone and that makes an MMO successful. If you can do it alone, it's not an MMO.
The game needs to decide what it wants to be, and there are trade offs. But I think an in-game way for people to experiment and design ships is fine. There was talk of, if you want to design ships and have lots of resources, maybe the Kingdom offers a lot of access to resources and good pay for every completed ship design. Then you're incentivized to get things done in the live game world, and you're always there able to interact with other players, and your actions reverberate across the game as you find new ideas and share them with your team.
Truly your point is a game cannot satisfy everyone. It has to decide who it is excluding to some degree. I for example don't enjoy single player games. So every single player game on Steam is basically irrelevant to me. Trine4 looks like a good time to spend, only if I'm playing it with friends. If they didn't have the multiplayer co-op option, I wouldn't even look. So every game has to decide their demographic, what their game is, and what will make their game succeed. If Starbase is going to be an MMO, it has to commit to that, or else it never will be an MMO. It will just have that as a slight feature, with empty servers everywhere else.
There is evidence in other games at least that committing to being an MMO can be successful. People do want to do the hard jobs. People want their gameplay to matter. I loved @Jetthetank 's quote who said, "the individual miner knows that every voxel he is mining out is influencing the game because it is those resources that the ship builders need to build the ships that the factions want." If there is no incentive to mine, because no one needs materials to build and test ships, then this all falls apart.